NAMED DISEASE :PARKINSON'S DISEASE (what it means???)
Russian president is suffering from Parkinson's disease
Parkinson's disease (which is also called as motor system Parkinson's disease) is a type of neuro-degenerative disorder that affects primarly central nervous system particularly dopamine producing (dopaminergic) neurons in specific area of the brain called substantia nigra .
In other words it is the progressive impairment and deterioration of neurons in the region of brain called sustantia nigra caued due to lack of vital brain Chemical dopamine presence
Here dopamine as a chemical messanger allowing communication between the substantia nigra and another area of the brain called corpus striatum
It is found that it can be transmittedor inherited to next generation also. About 15-20% patients are found from family history. It also occur due to environmental factors.
Risk factors :toxins may be linked to Parkinson's include manganese, carbon monoxide,carbon disulfide and some other pesticides. It is also found that some of patients may suffer from head injuries caused due to various incidents
It Occurs usually the person who are above 60 years of age
It is known by various other names also as idiomatic disease, idiopathic or primary parkinsonism, hypokinetic rigid syndrome, paralysis agitans, shaking palsy.
It was first discovered and published in A manual of diseases of the nervous system (1886) by William Richard Gowers
By and large it is basically a disorder of central nervous system that affects movement.
Menifestations/ Syndromes of Parkinson's disease
. Masked facial expressions :face may show little or no expression
. Tremors in the hands and legs usually when they are not in use
. Slowness in the actions and activities -slow gait and the suffered person may face difficulty in walking and balance
. Reduced arm swinging : arms may not swing while walking
. Voice of a suffered person may become soft or slurred
. Stooped posture : a person may bear the downward tilted neck like ostrich bird
. Rigidity : muscle rigidity or stiffness of the limbs - particularly common in the arms, shoulders and neck
. Flexed elbows and wrists : joints of body loose their locomotory functions and bending at the elbows,knees and hips
. Forward tilt of trunk : a suffered person loose straight body posture
. To have gunslinger' gait - swinging power of right arm may become less as compared to left arm and can be observed asymmetrically reduced arm swing
. Gradual loss of quick movement which mark a identification of mental silk and reaction time
. It may lead to decreased blinking, decreased frequency of swallowing and drooling
. A patient can undergo changes in his/her behaviour because of reasons evolved from this disease :
Sleep pattern and daily habitual action get affected, Disturbing nightmares, pain in the limbs, especially during sleeping night time
Major consequence is Depression / dementia symptom
The is currently no cure for Parkinson's disease because its causes is still a big mystery but diagnosis is based on symptoms by the medications( medication L-DOPA, dopamine agonists) and surgery process
The following medical treatment are as which focuses on to restore the proper balance of the neurotransmitters acetylcholine and dopamine by increasing dopamine levels :
These medications work by stimulating or regenerating the remaning cells in the substantia nigra to produce more dopamine.
1. A combination of Levodopa and carbidopa is considered one of the most golden therapy for this disease
2. Dopamine Agonists : this medicine is prescribed alone or with Levodopa which is used early stages of disease or administered to lengthen the duration of effectiveness Of Levodopa. unlike Levodopa it has more side effects than Levodopa so that doctors taken into consideration before prescribing it to patients whereas tolcapone has many side effects also which need time to time scrutiny
3. Selegiline : This medicine lessen the effects of activity of enzyme monoamine oxidise B, the enzyme which metabolizes with dopamine in the brain and breakdown the natural formed dopamine from levodopa .it also has many side effects and can be used after doctor's prescription
4. COMT inhibitors : Entacapone and tolcapone are medicines which are used to treat fluctuations in response to levodopa. COMT is an enzyme that metabolizes levadopa in blood vessels. By blocking COMT, more and more levadopa can reach brain which increase the effectiveness of treatment
5.Anticholinergic medications :these medicine are more useful in the treatment of tremor and muscle rigidity as well as medicine created parkinsonism a secondary type of Parkinson's disease which is a side effect
6. Amantadine : it helps in reducing various symptoms of Parkinson's disease which often used with levadopa and Anticholinergic medications. It is usually used early stages of Parkinson's disease which also has many types of side effects
6.Surgery : for a well living conditions for patients suffering from uncontrolled disease doctors often prefer surgery process which involves like pace maker for heart similarly for brain pace maker in which a metal frame to the skull under local anesthesia , using diagnostic imaging doctors (surgeon) drills a small hole in the required region of brain about the size of a nickel in which surgeons create lesions using high frequency radio waves in the implanted deep brain stimulating electrode which in turn helping to relives the symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease
7. Pallidotomy :this method is applied to the patients of aggressive Parkinson's disease in which inserting a wire probe into the globus pallidus - a very small region of the brain involved in the control of movement. By applying lesions to globes pallidus can help to restore the balance that normal action required.
By this process, medication process may be eliminated
There are two more process as Thalamotomy and deep brain stimulation (DBS) , Music therapy which also play an important role in treatment
Note : don't panic because it is generally old Age disease and can be preventable by healthy lifestyle by following good excercise and nutritive Diet and of course special care
There are many famous personalities suffered from this disease and one of them is Mohammad Ali