UNO: United Nations organisation
An International organization was came into force officially on 24 october 1945 after 2nd world war with the purpose to:
. To maintain international peace and security
. To promote economic and social development
. To promote human rights
Initially there were 51 member countries as a signatories but right. now it has. 193 member. countries and South Sudan is added in july, 2011 as a latest country.
Headquarter of UNO is situated in --New York .
What is mean for?? UNO#
It is basically group of Nations/states/countries for mutual cooperation and to eliminate conflict and war between member countries with the aim evolution constructive decision for sustainable development and peaceful co-existence.
Before UNO there was a body as forerunner as league of nations.
Historical background League of nations
In Europe and middle east there were empires as Austro-Hungarian, ottoman empire etc. These empires collapsed due to 1st world war. This happend because of expansion ambition of empire and ill will Approach for neighbouring countries. During this entire process about 20 million people died and new Nations were emerged : Czechoslovakia, Estonia, Finland. A scenario of new world order was emerged which showed breaks down of cooperation. The ultimate result of new world order was as "League of nations " . A organisation founded at the end of 1st world war after treaty of Versailles .it was basically root idea of the then US president woodrow Wilson and it cosisted of 28 founding members but a blunder/ drawback was USA was not a part of it.
Aim of League of nations : to settle international dispute without any war and conflict of interest.
At that time two most influenced and dominated colonist super powers were France and Britain.
Initial success
It was very successful and settled territorial disputes of early 1920:
* Finland and Sweden over Aland island
* Germany and Poland over Silesia
* Iraq and Turkey over the city of Mosul
But the very purpose it was created could not prevent world war 2 and it was it's biggest fumble and drawback.
@ Absence of United States of America.
@ Lack of respect for each other. and unstable membership.
For eg: Germany joined in 1926 but left in 1933 because of. dictator Hitler.
Similarly USSR was expelled from the group.Also Japan and Italy left in 1933 and 1936. respectively.
The two giant super powers just showed all that quietly and couldn't punish the aggressors because it was during the year 1928 the great economic distress occurred world wide and that global economic crisis led them to be frugal in order to secure their resources.
As a consequence of this war over 72 million people died and more than 100 million people were injured. European colonial empires collapsed and again many new Nations emerged which ravaged the influential powers and ultimately USA and USSR emerged as super powers.
A clamour for new international order raised to peak until its calmination point is not reached. As a result United Nations organisation (UNO) came into force with much power and resources to keep the global bulkiness balanced with certain goals to be achieved in near future. But behind the backdoor there were a series of events that led to its composition, structure and functions.
London declaration june, 1941 which also known as St. James's palace declaration because a few of dethroned / exiled government taken into asylum in that palace.
All came came together and taken their vow and resolve to end the catastrophe war which was ready to engulf the mankind from earth.
At last the time came when they were starting their various rounds of deliberative talks and actions.
The Atlantic charter -- August 1941
President of USA Roosavelt and Wilson Churchill issued informally a joint declaration and taken vow to fight against axis power.
Declaration of the "United Nations "-- 1942
The word United Nations was coined and adopted in this declaration for the first time . Which was a grand allince of 26 countries against axis powers against signatories government who pledged to maximum war efforts and bound them against making separate peace.
1943: Moscow and Tehran conference.
In Moscow conference foreign ministers of USA, USSR and UK were met with the purpose of defining the basis of a world organisation
Whereas in Tehran conference Main leaders of the international fora met for the salvo and declared that they had prepared a constructive plan (concerted a plan) to implement all this into paper and started a action towards final touch.
Dumbarton oaks conference --1944
Dumbarton oaks basically a place in Washington DC, USA from where principles were laid down for world organisation is to be governed.
4-powerful countries out of 26 member founding countries of grand Alliance given a proposal about structure of World organisation.
February, 1945: yalta conference
Questions related to procedure of voting in security council were discussed and arrived consensus at the voting method.
San Francisco conference :1945
A milestone was achieved at this conference which endeavoured to give final touch in this regard. 50 countries were invited in this conference but due to poland didn't have recognized government thats why they didn't send any representative. UN charter was signed on 26 july 1945 and put to vote and passed .
Sooner and later poland hurriedly joined after signing as one of the signatories.
* The UN logo - created by a team of designers in 1945 - led by Lincoln lundquist.
* official languages are : Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish .
Before UNO.....
Three international bodies were running as:
1865: International Telecommunication union
1874: Universal postal union
1899 : permanent court of Arbitration -- the Hague
UN principal organs
4 . Trusteeship council
5 . International court of justice
6 . The Secretariat
In the next page will will post about various descriptions of UN principles.